Green City Project Analysis Essay Sample

Green City Project Analysis Essay Sample Green City Project Analysis Essay Sample Green City Project Analysis Essay Sample This research involves the profound analysis of implementation of the Green City Project in the real life. The basic aim of the research is to show the beneficial character of appliance of the mentioned project. The sufficient data proves that Green Cities can be an alternative for the future world prosperity. The great attention is paid to the transport, the usage of the alternative resources and the recycling industry. In addition, such notions as zero waste products, ecologically friendly transport fuels, sustainable economy, urbanization and popularization were analyzed. In fact, the initial objective of the paper was to provide comprehensive and grounded information about the problem of urbanization. The reason is obvious since the urbanization is considered to be one of the components that destroy the Earth. Along with that, the paper aims to represent the influence of the development of the world as well as society. Taking into consideration the above mentioned issue, the prob lem of saving the Earth arises. The environmental instability damages the nature as a whole and but living creatures in particular. Upon the examination of the mentioned components, it becomes clear that Green Cities can not only save the human life but also protect the environment. Through showing the importance of development of the sustainable cities, the research highlights the possible benefits of the eco cities. Green Cities Urbanization has become one of the paramount issues in the contemporary world. Due to the extreme development of IT and the hectic pace of life, the worldwide population has dramatically increased. The amount of factories and plants has increased respectively. People started setting up businesses thus developing alternative income resources. In addition, applying the innovative technologies helps make human life less complicated and much faster, as well. Nevertheless, the problem of the global urbanization is quite controversial. On the one hand, the lasting urbanization promotes the innovative progression and world’s prosperity. On the other hand, it causes enormous social and environmental problems. Accordingly, the latter has negative consequences for the humanity. Firstly, the lasting urbanization causes the increase of crime rates and inequality respectively. Secondly, it makes the enormous pressure on local as well as global environment. Thirdly, due to urbanization, the health rates started dropping down showing the high level of the fatal diseases expanding among the population of the contemporary world. Accordingly, protecting the cities from the obvious damage and providing the alternative methods of preventing the world’s destruction are becoming the issues of great concern. The sufficient way is the development of green cities. This will help save the planet from the fatal demolition and get optional benefits from natural resources. The objective purpose of the paper is to suggest information about green cities and provide the potential benefits of the implementation of the â€Å"Green City† project. The analysis of the profound literature makes it is possible to conduct the research. The main information is taken from the World Bank, the World Health Organization and the United Nation Environmental Programme. The information provided in the mentioned resources is knowledgeable and sufficient respectively. Numerous tables and figures are provided in the sources, which helps analyze the problem in every aspect. In addition, the information mentioned in the resources is relevant and depicts the current situation in the world. For example, the World Bank suggests information about the rate of the fatal diseases in the contemporary world. It provides the evidence of the dangerous impact of the illnesses. The World Health Organization illustrates data about the car emitted noise and its influence on the human health. Along with that, they provide the data about the pollution of air caused by fossil fuels and harmful substances. The United Nation Environmental Programme depicts the app roximate amount of money spent on the development of the recycling industries. The analyzed literature was taken from the investigation of the particular problem in the world. It includes the representation of tables, figures and schemes, analysis of the current situation, comparison of the past and the contemporary data, and summing up the material. That is to say, literal overview helps conduct the current research. General Information about the Project The paramount goal is to provide the profound information about the main essence of the project. The contemporary world develops with the high speed. It brings a wide range of new technologies, machines and devices that facilitate human life. The cities have become the most convenient places for living. For this reason, more and more people started moving to cities for their convenience. This process promotes the increase in the urban population. In accordance with the World Bank, urbanization has become the striking characteristic of the modern world (World Bank, 2009). There is a prediction that in ten years, the population of the developed cities will triple. Consequently, the cities will face the challenge of building economically and ecologically sustainable future. The prosperous future of the developed cities can be under the threat of demolition. The lasting progress of regional economy, the consumption of carbon, the emissions of various gases lead to the destruction of cities. For this reason, the appliance of the sustainable green cities will be the perfect solution for the current problems. The green city is a perfect place to live in. Its basic aim is to provide ecologically sustainable conditions of living. They are developed to better not only human life but also the state of the environment. All the components of the city will be inseparable. In other words, it will be the waste-free manufacture. Special attention will be paid to transport, the appliance of alternative resources and recycling industry. In fact, the process of greening cities will take some time. The basic steps will be to reduce the level of chemical emissions, create the qualitative environment for all the citizens, assure sustainable consumption, and adopt the usage of alternative energy sources (World Bank, 2009). The reason is quite obvious: the m entioned components are the key factors in destroying the environment; thus, they should be leveled. Transport Transport is considered to be one of the basic polluters in the modern world. Due to the extreme urbanization, the amount of transport has increased respectively. Accordingly, the emissions from the vehicles pose a great threat to human health. Air pollution causes the emergence of the cardiovascular illnesses. The respective data prove that transport promotes bronchitis, strokes and asthma (World Bank, 2011). In addition, air pollution is one of the main reasons for deaths in the modern society. The global attention is fixed on the huge human and material losses during road accidents. According to World Health Organization, in the developing countries, the level of the road deaths is the highest and comprises 90% (World Health Organization, 2004). The scientists suggest that road accidents will be the fifth principal reason of death in the world. Noise is also suggested to be the growing concern from both ecological and economical perspectives. The noise produced by vehicles has negative influence on health. The World Health Organization depicted the most general issues related to the sustained noise rates. These involve hearing fatigue, hearing worsening, namely tinnitus, effects on social behavior, insomnia, and worsening of the immune system. In addition, the sustained exposing to noise has been connected with holdbacks in cognitive development of children (Evans and Maxwell, 1997). It should be admitted that transport has an enormous impact on the human life. Consequently, the green cities aim at reducing the transport emission and providing ecologically friendly means of transport. Therefore, all vehicles will use ecologically friendly fuels. In addition, green cities will apply the usage of electric cars. The benefits will be enormous. On the one hand, the electric cars will produce less pollution and thus cause less da mage to the environment. On the other hand, they will make noise helping to reduce the level of noise production in the cities respectively. An important role will be devoted to such vehicle as bicycle. In fact, bicycles are the most popular alternative type of transport in the modern society. They are comfortable and cheap, as well. They are of paramount importance in the huge cities. Due to the hectic pace of life, numerous traffic jams have become typical for big cities, so bicycles will help reduce their emergence. One more possible benefit of bicycles is the fact that they are absolutely ecologically friendly. For this reason, they promote healthy lifestyle and protect cities from the pollution. One of the most important issues of the green cities is the sustainable transport. The sustainable transport will help not only save the city clean but also better economical, environmental and social life of the humanity. In order to achieve the development of this kind of transport, every green city needs to follow certain strategies. The perfect example will be the avoid strategy. Avoiding travel needs is the main aim of the sustainable transport campaign. Together with the interventions that reduce travel, there are the improvement of urban design as well as the usage of information and innovative technologies (World Health Organization, 2004). Additionally, the extreme development of IT enables considering telemobility as an alternative way of reducing the level of travelling in the city. The main components of the telemobility include telework, teleshopping, and telemedicine (World Health Organization, 2004). Consequently, it will not only make human life less complicated but r educe the level of the pollution, as well. It can be admitted that green cities are designed for protecting human life and nature as a whole. In regard to the public transport, it is one of the important components of every city. For this reason, it is paramount to make it more sufficient. The public transport in the green cities will be designed according to the sustainable system. In other words, the public transport will be car-competitive. The following steps will help to achieve this aim. The first step is to adopt the integrated network of routes (World Health Organization, 2004). The second step is to better the state of the transport thus make it more convenient and secure. The third step is the appliance of the distinctive marketing identity for all systems. By taking the mentioned steps, it will be possible to reduce the amount of cars in the city and enhance the usage of the public transport respectively. The Usage of Alternative Energy Resources Along with transport, the green cities will use alternative energy resources for manufacturing as well as living. Nowadays, the problem of usage of alternative energy resources is quite controversial. The supporters of that point claim that the Sun, wind, water and soil can make human life healthier and cheaper. The opponents stick to the point that natural resources could not produce the necessary amount of energy and they are not reliable. Nevertheless, the analysis of the recent data proves that natural resources are the future of the humanity. For this reason, the green cities will use the energy from the Sun, water and wind for the development of the production. It is possible to install special solar devices for getting solar energy in every house. They are not so expensive, but they will save money and time. The Sun is the lasting natural source of energy. It heats the Earth; thus, it is possible to use its energy and keep it during certain period of time. In fact, numerous co ntemporary countries have already used solar and wind energy. In this respect, the bright example is Austria. In this country, there are many plants and factories that are based on the winder and solar energy. The main benefit of appliance of natural resources is that they do not emit harmful gases into the environment. Consequently, they are ecologically friendly for humans and nature as a whole. In order to achieve the desirable aim, the green cities will follow a certain strategy. The first aim is to reduce the level of artificial energy. By persuading people to use natural resources, it is possible to level the use of non-natural energy. The second aim is to build plants and factories that will work only by means of natural resources. The government of the green cities will help citizens install the desirable eco devices that will heat the flats and houses. The investments in clean-energy campaigns cause cash savings; the scope of the mentioned investments is substantial. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, $63.2 billions were invested in to the development of clean-projects ( United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2009). It should be admitted that the usage of natural resources results in numerous benefits for humans and nature as a whole. The Recycling Industries The last and the most important component of the green cities will be recycling industries. Every city possesses a wide range of waste, so it is needed to be recycled. Nevertheless, before applying the recycle system, it is paramount to examine the people’s behavior, as well as their lifestyles and values. In accordance with Lehmann, there are three frameworks for sustainable urban progression, namely zero fossil-fuel usage of energy, zero waste, and zero emissions (Lehmann and Crocker, 2012). Consequently, zero waste is a vital component of the mentioned framework. In addition, the sustainable urban development requires three steps to be followed, namely rising resilience, strengthening of all systems and networks, the analysis of the influence of climate and city context. Basically, nowadays, there are many products that people do not use and just throw away. It is paramount to build the recycling plants in order to make use of the waste. For this reason, ecologically friendly cities are the right solution for the mentioned problem. The green cities promote the projects that will gather waste and make use of it. Along with that, the cities will encourage citizens to use zero-waste products. The corresponding laws will be adopted in order to count the amount of emitting waste per person. If the amount is overrated, the person will have to pay money that will be invested in the bettering recycling systems. In fact, such a campaign will teach citizens to control the level of zero-waste products in their native cities. Analyzing the afore mentioned information, it can be noted that the implementation the â€Å"Green City Project† can bring enormous benefits for the humanity and nature. The initial aim of the project is to develop the city that will be zero-waste and fossil fuel-waste. The city will be constructed basing on the eco principles. The great attention will be paid to the reduction of harmful transport, usage of alternative resources and recycling industries. Each of the mentioned factors will provide huge advantages for people. Firstly, the health rate will improve greatly. Secondly, the nature will be more protected. Thirdly, the life will become much easier and faster. The mentioned project is oriented towards the environmental protection. The reason is quite obvious: all creatures on the Earth are totally dependent on the nature. Therefore, it should be treated in an appropriate way. The extreme development of the world has changed the nature and its main components. Individuals started moving into big cities in order to find better jobs and opportunities. In such a way, the urban population started increasing greatly. It leads to a number of serious problems. The most obvious are huge amount of traffic jams, the rising level of fatal diseases, inconvenience and dirtiness. Taking into account the afore mentioned facts, one of possible solutions to the problems may be the green cities. This project is developed to help reduce the negative effects of the urbanization. The basic target of the project is to protect humans’ life and save nature. Transport, usage of alternative resources and recycling industries are the main objectives of the project. The citizens of the green cities will use electric cars and bicycles in order to reduce fossil fuel emitting. In addition, the public transport will be more car-competitive and comfortable for passengers. In relati on to the alternative resources, the government will help to tackle the problem. All the citizens will be able to install solar devices for the convenient usage of the solar energy. The recycling industry will be booming due to the adoption of certain laws that will help control the waste-emitting level in the country. It should be admitted that green cities are the perfect example of the future. It will result into a great number of benefits for the humanity.

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The Buying Process)2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The Buying Process)2 - Assignment Example This is a remarkable need that has been substantially developed by the marketer through the online description of the product alone. In particular, target customers who are in the arena of influencing people will eventually realize to desire for a need for this product offering. Ideally, people involved in the field of persuading other people would want to become effective here (Larson, 2012). Thus, in their current state, they want to improve more in their skills of persuasion. Thus, the marketer has made the right choice of placing the actual description of the product that will trigger this need. The product is like a helping guide that aims to improve its users’ experience with persuading people. Concerning this, the marketer is able to implement the idea particularly in seeking value on the part of the customers relating to their personal experiences of influencing or persuading people. For this reason, the product is trying to suggest scanning one’s memory in line with the importance of persuasion. One’s memory with product or related experience is a fundamental source of information from the point of view of the marketer (Kimmel, 2012). Such idea brings forward to the primary source of internal information about the customers’ buying behavior. On the other hand, the dominant source of external information that the marketer showcased on the site is the presence of helpful customers’ reviews with significant ratings. Customers’ reviews are essential ways to trigger positive customer’s response on the product or service offerings (Schneier, Shaw, Beatty & Baird, 1995). Marketers believe that this could trigger customers’ buying behavior. Aside from the product description and customers’ reviews, the product conveys the need to have it through editorial reviews too. These reviews are essential justifications of the

Comparison of two books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison of two books - Essay Example urther, many institutions such as the military organizations, the Catholic Church, and also in business conglomerates (the glass ceiling) practice gender discrimination through a variety of ways to subjugate and dominate women by overt and subtle means. The military excluded the women from combat roles and officership positions until only recently while the Catholic hierarchy does not ordain female priests, and many global corporations still practice gender discrimination despite the efforts of feminists to break the glass ceiling and join the boards of their companies (women workers in general receive lower pay and in lower positions). In her eye-opening book titled â€Å"Lydias Open Door: Inside Mexicos Most Modern Brothel† author Patty Kelly managed to document a hidden industry which that countrys political leaders proudly touted as an example of their nations march towards modernization and globalization through neo-liberalism by modernizing its prostitution industry through the so-called proper monitoring of the health of its prostitutes, professionalizing its practice by a series of regulations, and in many ways euphemistically â€Å"helping† these women from being further exploited by criminal gangs because now they work under government supervision. While female prostitutes sell their bodies for sex acts, they also perpetuate their own subjugation by a male-dominated society. This is why feminists have waged a vigorous and continuing campaign against prostitution (legal or not) but this practice will still persist if the women themselves do not do something against it. The government of Mexico, in particular a local or municipal government unit in the state of Chiapas in the barrio of Tuxtla Gutierrez, had conceived of a â€Å"brilliant† idea to formally legalize prostitution ostensibly to regulate this commercial sex street-level activity into a modern form of experiment in social hygiene. The proclaimed objective is to protect female prostitutes but end

Integration theory Essay Example for Free

Integration theory Essay In introducing the revisionist phase of integration theory, Haas (1971: 26–30) explicitly withdrew his earlier exclusion of public opinion. This is particularly evident in his new ‘master concept’ of authority legitimacy transfer or sharing: ‘a formulation I would myself prefer to the stress put on elite loyalties in my own earlier formulations’. Indicators of this concept are observable in activity ‘in specific functional and organizational sectors and. . . in elite and mass perceptions’ (emphasis added). The acceptance of public opinion in the political arena is very transparent in the linkage of variables that quantify the percentage of interaction within the context of the masses and the elites’ political perception. Haas advocates focusing on the notion of social learning as a major link, speculating on the various elements that might be involved; for example, increased contact and familiarity, growing complexity in the pattern of inter-group loyalties and social roles, education and informal socialization practices and progressively rewarding experiences derived from the activities of common markets. On the other hand, Schmitter (1971: 233) is quite explicit about his revisionist intentions, offering ‘a revised formalization of the neo-functionalist or structuralist theory of the political consequences of regional integration with pretensions to general comparative relevance. ’ the significant factor in this theory lies on the connection of the differing variables and hypothesis in accordance to the attitudes and perceptions of the populace, which represents numerous political groups and parties. It all depends, therefore, on whether one takes a broad or narrow definition of these groups. Schmitter does not explicitly address this question but a broad definition is clearly implied by his operationalization of the variables in question. Thus the variable â€Å"elite value complementarity† is operationalized by reference to ‘panel type survey data on the nature and intensity of commitment to similar goals within and across integrating units’. That the operationalization includes public opinion data is clear from the accompanying footnote which includes reference to Ingleharts work on public opinion and European integration. Similarly, regional identity is operationalized by reference to ‘panel survey research on selected samples exposed to intensive regional socialization; inference from single surveys on the residual importance of regional contacts/level of information when controlled for other variables’, and Ingleharts work is again cited (Schmitter 1971: 252). Thus, we can infer that neo-functionalism’s principles are geared towards the affirmation on the importance of public opinion. In the development of Nyes revised neo-functionalist model, public opinion enters the scheme at two points. First, attitudinal integration—described as definitive appeal—figures in an expanded list of ‘process mechanisms’. In addition to determining whether or not a regional identity exists, Nye argues that it is necessary to assess the degree of salience and urgency attached to it and whether or not it is accompanied by a ‘myth of permanence and inevitability’ (1971: 73). The other side of this variable is the persistence of competing national identities. Secondly, public opinion enters as a variable in the domestic arena influencing the actions of national political leaders. Actors in the original neo-functionalist model—mainly the integrationist technocrats and interest group representatives—need to be supplemented by ‘electoral or support politicians’ whose primary function is to legitimize the actions involved in regional integration. This implies a very clear role for public opinion in the process of integration, which is reinforced by the inclusion of ‘the category of mass opinion, or more accurately of opinion leaders, who create broad or narrow limits for the legitimacy of integrationist programs’ (1971: 63). Media is one of the major catalysts in the proliferation and in the validation of public opinion. Because through this, a political group can draw out what platforms they should espouse so that the electorate will vote for them. In terms of the electorate, public opinion will serve as their contribution in landscaping a new political condition, as well as the status quo of the preexisting politics. Since public opinion formulates how politics should operate there is a great necessity to ensure that such opinions are clearly express in order for it to be addressed and to be recognized. And the most effective means to satisfy such necessity is to use the media. The obvious question which then arises is why the new emphasis did not make an immediate impact on the research agenda. The problem was that, almost as soon as this broadening occurred and before it could really take hold, the theory itself seemed to be bypassed by events and treated by its authors, either explicitly or implicitly, as obsolescent. As noted earlier, it was rescued from oblivion by the resurgence of European integration in the mid-1980s. References: Haas, E. B. (1971). The Study of Regional Integration: Reflections on the Joy and Anguish of Pre-theorizing’. In Regional Integration: Theory and Research: Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. Key, V. O. (1961). Public Opinion and American Democracy: New York: Knopf.

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Es

Shirley Jackson's The Lottery and Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, and "The Story of the Hour" by Kate Chopin, both have similarities and differences when it comes to the elements of literature.   Particularly, when the authors use foreshadowing to manipulate the moods of the stories and add irony to cleverly deceive the reader. Both of these stories possess similarities and differences when it comes to their components of the story, specifically the authors' usage of elements of mood and the tone of irony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shirley Jackson's 'The Lottery,' irony is a major theme. This story is about a town full of elitist snobs that are stuck on their tradition of a lottery, even though it is a grim ritual and rather detrimental to the people in the town. The characters are honoring a tradition that is handed down to them from former generations. The reader is led through the outwardly normal and charming little village, and is taken on a ride of ironic horror as they slowly grasp the annual fate of one the village?s inhabitants. The title ?The Lottery? implies a contest with a winner of some kind, like a sweepstakes. When in reality the winner is actually the loser or person that will die by stoning. At the beginning of this story, the main character, Mrs. Hutchinson, is in favor of the lottery. The atmosphere of the town is casual yet anxious. Mrs. Hutchinson arrives late because she ?clean forgot? what day it is. This seems quite impossible to any reader that anyone would forge t a day like lottery day. Her procrastination is reasonable but her excuse is lame. Mrs. Hutchinson complains that her husband, Bill, ?didn?t have enough time to choose.? And that the results of the drawing were not fair. In these statements, she is implying that the other villagers had more time to choose, and in fact given an advantage over the Hutchinson family. In reality, time had little to do with the drawing of the ?slips of paper.? As soon as they hold the second drawing, Mrs. Hutchinson is chosen. This is the climax of irony of this story. Mrs. Hutchinson is chosen for the lottery. She is shocked and astounded, having believed that she couldn?t possibly be chosen for the lottery. She begs or mercy, but the townspeople are strict with keeping to their traditions and her pleas of mercy fall on deaf ears and she is stoned to death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ?... ...the mention of her health. However, in ?The Lottery? the reader knows that something bad will eventually happen, but the reader has no idea who the ill-fated winner is going to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that ?The Story of an Hour? is a better example of the elements of irony and foreshadowing than ?The Lottery.? In ?The Story of an Hour? the author uses a writing style that is easy to follow and simple to understand. The plot is orderly and follows a sequential order of events. The imagery is vivid, but is it easy to understand and doesn?t confuse the reader. ?The Lottery? was not an adequate story. The foreshadowing was presented in an irksome fashion, and the language confused and baffled me. ?The Lottery? was difficult to follow, and I was unable to understand anything about it until I had completed the story. In closing, I feel that Kate Chopin did a superb job with ?The Story of an Hour? in reaching her audience on a level that made it simple to understand her story and to have a sense of perceptive knowledge of how the story would end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited: Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery." The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed Sylvan Barnet. New York: HarperCollins, 1986. 862-868

Ideal Democracy Essay

Outline A.) Introduction – Democracy Definition by Latin roots and suffixes a. Background- Articles about the common topic of Democracy and its different definitions. I. Dahl- Dahl’s view in political system. b. Thesis – Through observation from Dahl’s point of view, I will explain the meaning of the ideal democracy while considering how it began during the founding years of the United States and discuss the deficiencies from personal reflection. B.) 1st Topic – Dahl’s Ideal Democracy c. What is Dahl’s ideal democracy? II. Consisting of five standards, Dahl’s ideal democracy is â€Å"a designed set of rules and principles, a constitution, that will determine how the association’s decision are to be made. And your constitution must be in conformity with one elementary principle: that all the members are to be treated (under the constitution) as if they were equally qualified to participate in the process of making decisions about the policies the association will pursue.† In order to govern this association, all members are to be considered politically equal. III. Five Standards 1. Effective participation 2. Voting in equality 3. Gaining enlightened understanding. 4. Exercising final control over the agenda 5. Inclusion of adults d. Why is Dahl’s democracy significant? IV. There are 10 main benefits from practicing the ideal democracy. 6. Democracy helps to prevent government by cruel and vicious autocrats. 7. Democracy guarantees its citizens a number of fundamental rights that nondemocratic systems to not, and cannot, grant. 8. Democracy insures its citizens a broader range of personal freedom than any feasible alternative to it. 9. Democracy helps people to protect their own fundamental interests. 10. Only a democratic government can provide a maximum opportunity for persons to exercise their freedom of self-determination – that is, to live under laws of their own choosing. 11. Only a democratic government can provide a maximum opportunity for exercising moral responsibility. 12. Democracy fosters human development more fully than any feasible alternative. 13. Only a democratic government can foster a relatively high degree of political equality. 14. Modern representative democracies do not fight wars with one another. 15. Countries with democratic government tend to be more prosperous than countries with nondemocratic governments. e. Why Political Equality? V. Political equality is highly recommended under this observation for intrinsic equality and civic competence. C.) 2nd Topic – The Founding Years f. The Constitution g. The Articles of Confederation h. The Democracy in Both i. The comparison between the beginning democracy and the ideal democracy j. D.) 3rd Topic – My Reflection and the Deficiencies k. How Do I compare the US Democracy to Dahl’s Ideal Democracy? VI. After the founding up until the 1960’s civil rights movement l. Discuss the Democratic deficits m. Discuss improvements since the 1960’s n. Discuss the development including developing improvements and imperfections. E.) Conclusion o. Introduction From the definition of the Latin words, the root demo means people and the suffix -cracy means government or rule. When putting the two together to form the word democracy, by definition, the words means to have the people rule the government. This means that all of the people should have their opinion accepted about everything that affects their daily lives. Most people of the United States of America believe that we live in a democracy. To live in a democracy means to have the freedoms that are considered fundamental to human freedom and flourishing. According to an article on the ideal democracy, though democracy is widely considered to bet the most preferable form of government, this conviction alone is not enough to establish its supremacy as the ideal form of government often having flaws when actualized (Coffrin, 2012). Robert Dahl, often called â€Å"the Dean† of American political scientists, is one of America’s most prolific democracy professors and critics. One of his many contributions is his explication of the varieties of power which he defines as â€Å"A† getting â€Å"B† to do what â€Å"A† wants but preferring the more influence terms. In his book On Democracy, he provides his definition of the real â€Å"Ideal Democracy†. This democracy isn’t much like the democracy we practice today in America. Through observation from Dahl’s point of view, I will explain the meaning of the ideal democracy while considering how it began during the founding years of the United States and then discuss the deficiencies from personal reflection. Body There are a number of ways in which the term â€Å"democracy† is used. When looking upon the definition from the Merriam Webster dictionary, democracy has five separate meanings; two being â€Å"a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections† and â€Å"the principle and policies of the Democratic party in the US† (democracy, 2012). These definitions are describing the actuality of what democracy is however Dahl’s ideal is not mentioned in the dictionary. Dahl’s ideal democracy is only in his imagination. He believes that democracy is really â€Å"a designed set of rules and principles, a constitution, that will determine how the association’s decision are to be made†¦and that all the members are to be treated as if they were equally qualified to participate in the process of making decisions about the policies the association will pursue† (Dahl, 37). In order to govern this association, all members are to be considered politically equal in order to provide opportunities for effective participation, equality in voting, gaining enlightened understanding, exercising final control over the agenda, and inclusion of adults (38). According to Dahl’s outlook, the ideal democracy has at least 10 advantages. Democracy helps to prevent government by cruel and vicious autocrats, guarantees its citizens a number of fundamental rights that nondemocratic systems to not grant, it insures its citizens a broader range of personal freedom than any feasible alternative, it helps people to protect their own fundamental interests, is only a democratic government that can provide a maximum opportunity for persons to exercise their freedom of self-determination and for exercising moral responsibility, it fosters human development more fully than any feasible alternative, it can foster a relatively high degree of political equality, never fight wars with another democratic organization, and countries with democratic governments tend to be more prosperous (Dahl, 60). These selections of standards and advantages are designed to enhance and motivate members to be a part of the ideal democratic process. But the key point to the ideal democracy is political equality. Political equality is highly recommended under this observation for intrinsic equality and civic competence. For intrinsic equality we need to express a moral judgment about human beings intending to â€Å"say something about what we believe ought to be† (Dahl, 65). As the words of the Declaration employed, with moral judgment we claim that one person’s life, liberty, and happiness is not intrinsically superior or inferior to the life, liberty, and happiness of any other (65). We should adopt this principle for ethical and religious grounds, the weakness of an alternative principle, prudence, and acceptability (67). In this intrinsic equality, there must be application to the value to the government of the state in which the government must give equal consideration to the interest of every person. For civic competence, there must be a rejection of the Guardianship as a satisfactory way of applying the main idea. â€Å"Among adults no persons are so definitely better qualified than others to govern that they should be entrusted with complete and final authority over the government of the state† (Dahl, 79). This theory suggests that we be governed by ourselves. From what I’ve learned in part one of Dahl’s Ideal Democracy, the United States of America isn’t so democratic as it is represented to be based upon the founding of the US Constitution and the Articles of Confederation. Works Cited Kolar, M. (2005). What is democracy. Retrieved on March 11, 2012 from http://www.whatisdemocracy.net/ Coffrin, T. (2012). Ideal democracy. Retrieved on March 11, 2012 from http://trevorcoffrin.hubpages.com/hub/IdealDemocracy

The Theory of Attachment and Attachment Styles Essay examples

Attachment is the emotional bond between humans, which is based on our relationship with a parent or early caregiver during the years of childhood. There are four different attachment styles – secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful – each describing a different way in which individuals interact with others, approach social and romantic relationships, and deal with life. Each attachment style is divided along two dimensions – the fear of abandonment and the fear of closeness. Bartholomew and Horowitz define fear of abandonment as the model of self which describes the belief of an individual to be either â€Å"worthy of love and support or not† (1991). They also define fear of closeness as the model of other which describes an individual’s†¦show more content†¦The preoccupied attachment style is characterized by low fear of closeness and high fear of abandonment. Individuals classified as preoccupied have a negative model of themselves. Because preoccupies see themselves as unworthy of love and unsupportive, they tend to â€Å"strive for self-acceptance by gaining the acceptance of valued others† (Bartholomew, 227) and would do everything to keep people in their life; Preoccupied individuals try to avoid any kind of conflict in order to make themselves loveable and others happy. Despite the fact that preoccupies of ten see others as trustworthy and available, they also feel that others do not care about them as much as they care about others. Somebody I would classify as preoccupied would be my ex-boyfriend. He always felt that other people around him would not care as much about him as he cared about them. He was worried that I would not love him as much as he loved me and that I would not return his love. Whenever I broke up with him, he became upset; he talked to my parents and friends, texted me every day and tried to convince me to go back to him. My ex-boyfriend tried to avoid any kind of conflict – not just with me, but also with his parents – just to keep us happy. However, every time we had a conflict, he either agreed with me or felt bad afterwards and was afraid that I would not love him anymore.Show MoreRelatedAttachment Theory. Will’S Attachment Style Is Predominantly1538 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory Will’s attachment style is predominantly of the insecure-avoidant attachment variety This style includes a tendency to keep people at arm’s length and be mistrustful, which is particularly problematic in a therapy session. According to Cassidy (2000), attachment styles are related to representational models, which are built based on experiences and the treatment the individual receives. However, these representational models and attachment styles aren’t set in stone. Thus, oneRead MoreAttachment Theory and Parenting Style Influence on Children Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesand child continually changes the pathway in which the child may take. How the child is raised and the parenting style used is a significant influence on that development by affecting the relationship between parent and child. This supports the Attachment theory in which emphasizes relationship between the child and caregiver as a key factor in development. 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However, regardless of the theory, one subscribes to it has been noted that a child requires, warmth, security, and confidence to meet the demands of the world. Psychologists posit that how a child and their caregiver form an attachment has long-term ramifications on all the child’s relationships. The attachment formed with the primary caregiver provides the child with the expectations they will carryRead MoreQuestions On Theories Of Attachment Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand Theories of Attachment. Evaluating two theories that explain the development of the infant attachment to parents or surrogates. Ainsworth and Bell’s theory, based on Strange Situation Test (SST), and Bowlby’s monotropic theory will be evaluated and shall show their usefulness in psychological research. Summary of Attachment. An attachment is, to quote Kagan et al. (1978, cited in Gross, 2015), â€Å"†¦an intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time,Read MoreEssay on Foundations and Characteristics of Attachment Theory1105 Words   |  5 PagesAttachment Theory Attachment theory comes out of the work of John Bowlby. However, it finds its genesis in Freud’s Psychoanalysis. Bowlby himself was trained in psychoanalysis and became a qualified practitioner in the approach. In his early 20s, however, before he enrolled in medical school or in the Institute of Psychoanalysis, he worked with children with behavior problems. These two forces, these experiences, perhaps formed the foundation and later development of his Attachment Theory. SpurredRead MoreHow Attachment Affects Your Adult Relationships898 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION We will be exploring the different styles of attachment, how parenting affects attachment style and in turn how it affects our love lives as adults. Built by close relationships, attachment can vary from one relationship to another, depending on how available that person is especially during infancy and childhood. As adults, we react to situations based on our attachment style, which is ingrained but not unchangeable. This not only affects our relationships with prospective partnersRead MoreClient Introduction : My Internship Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder, Depression, and anxiety. Lastly, she eluded to currently being in a domestic violence situation, and revealed that she has had a history of abusive relationships (R. Gonzalez, personal communication, July 23, 2014). Attachment Theory Historically, psychoanalysts have always adopted various empirical evidence-based practices. These practices assist them in generating a framework for applying influential interventions on their clients. For example; Erik Erikson, believed thatRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Attachment theory centers around relationships and bonds formed between people. It generally focuses on long term relationships such as parents or caregivers and children. The theme of the theory is that if the primary caregiver is responsive to a child’s needs, then he or she will develop a sense of security. If a parent or caregiver does not provide this, a child will have trouble attaching and forming relationships in the future. There are theorists who have explored and researchedRead MoreClient Introduction : Rosa Gonzalez1349 Words   |  6 Pages(R. Gonzalez, personal communication, July 23, 2014). The purpose for this research paper is to integrate, connect, and exhibit how Contemporary Attachment Theory and Self-Psychology Theory have shaped Rosa Gonzalez’s thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors†¦. Contemporary Attachment Theory Historically, psychoanalyst have adopted various theories, or empirical evidence-based practices. These practices have given them a framework for applying specific interventions on their clients. For example;